Indigenous conservation in Canada: How Indigenous-led conservation is an alternative model for Canada

Abstract

This literature-based paper will examine the state of Indigenous-led conservation in the context of conservation in Canada, historically and presently, and how Indigenous-led conservation philosophies differ from Canada’s conservation philosophies. The results demonstrate that Indigenous-led conservation is a healthier and more sustainable conservation model than Canada’s, which privileges scientific methodologies and ideologies. In particular, Indigenous-led conservation models focus more centrally on the interconnected systems of land and water, as well as nature and people. Still, the model is not solely a holistic model that excludes scientific methods. Further, Indigenous-led conservation models ultimately support and build reconciliation between non-Indigenous and Indigenous Peoples. I will close by exploring three successful examples that will illustrate the feasibility and efficacy of Indigenous-led conservation.